The war on the territory of Ukraine has caused large-scale environmental consequences, including significant pollution of soils and water resources due to the impact of ammunition. This process is due to the release of heavy metals and toxic substances that are part of ammunition, as well as their decay products, since the composition of ammunition includes, among other things, mercury, lead, chromium, zinc, iron and copper. The main components of explosives — TNT, octagen, hexogen, tetryl, and sulfur — have high chemical activity, which contributes to their mobilization into the environment.

During explosions, these substances not only pollute the air, but also settle on the surface of the soil, penetrate into its deep layers, and get into groundwater and water bodies. The consequence of this is significant chemical pollution, which is harmful to both nature and human health.

The most destructive effect is on missiles, the components of explosives and fuels of which, including its combustion products, not only contribute to the formation of toxic gases, but also provoke significant destruction of the fertile soil layer. An additional factor is war-induced fires, which destroy living things, including the organic part of the soil, reduce its water retention capacity and contribute to erosion processes.




Challenges and solutions for cleaning contaminated soils

Clearing contaminated areas is a difficult task, especially in the face of active hostilities and repeated shelling of the de-occupied regions. Removal of contaminated soil for disposal is economically impractical, so it is necessary to look for effective local solutions.
One of the promising areas is the use of complex organo-mineral fertilizers GREENODIN, which not only neutralize toxic substances, but also contribute to the restoration and enhancement of soil fertility. These fertilizers provide:
  • Sorption of toxins, reducing their mobility in the soil;
  • Renewal of water-holding capacity, renewing the structure of the soil and saturating it with porous silicon;
  • Regeneration of the soil layer, neutralizing the pH and stimulating the development of beneficial microorganisms, especially with the use of GREENODIN MELIOR;
  • Renewal and enhancement of fertility by enriching the soil with nutrients, stimulating plant growth with GREENODIN GRAY or GREENODIN BROWN.
Field studies prove that the use of GREENODIN preparations allows you to successfully reclaim soils in 2-3 seasons. The application of complex bioremediation, which involves the use of microorganisms to decompose toxic compounds and pioneer plants, is another promising method of ecosystem restoration.


Environmental responsibility and the fight against climate change

Humanity must realize the importance of reducing the negative impact on nature and compensate for the damage caused. Climate change, manifested in Ukraine in the form of shallow rivers, abnormally warm winters and dry summers, is also associated with anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Military action contributes to an increase in these emissions, deepening the crisis.
An urgent task is the introduction of environmental rehabilitation technologies and the creation of sustainable systems for handling contaminated materials. The solution to this problem should be based on the cooperation of scientists, environmentalists, governments and the international community, which will help not only eliminate the consequences of the war, but also prevent future environmental disasters.
More detailed information about GREENODIN developments can be found on the official website



Inventor, Director of the Institute of Nanotechnology and Organic Products Tymur LYEVDA